The essay should be broken down into the following sections: Colonial rule in Rwanda and its legacy. Key text on this is Mahmood Mamdani (2001) When Victims Become Killers. Rudimentary direct rule which politicised ethnicity. Colonisers give local chiefs power to enforce their rule which led to the delitimising of traditional power structures. Social construction of identity (Tutsi and Hutu). Relates to last point. What does it mean to be Hutu or Tutsi and how is the other perceived? Myths about each other started by Belgian’s. The history of state formation with respect for Rwanda. Key text on this is Jeffrey Herbst (2000) States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control. Relates to Charles Tillier “Competition for land” in Europe versus sub Saharan Africa. Resulted in week African states but Rwanda was an exception which is important in understanding the genocide. But important that state is powerful but legitimacy is low. Regions demography, resources and patterns of migration. Key texts are Young, Crawford. 2006. “The Heart of the Conflict Zone: Democratization, Ethnicity, Civil Conflict, and the Great and Helen Hintjens “Explaining the 1994 genocide in Rwanda” (1999) as well as “Conflict and resources in post‐genocide Rwanda and the Great Lakes region”. Main points are the borders are porous in the area and the areas refugees from previous conflicts went were rich in minerals making the financial bar for pop up paramilitaries low. Process and actors (the history / timeline). The key actors and events in the run up to the genocide from the earlier genocide in Burundi, RPF, Akuzu, peace accords and the assassination of Habyarimana. Important text overall is G. Prunier (1999), The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide.
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