DISCUSS THE INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.

You can use the case to explain the author’s thesis statement and to illustrate the problems identified in the chapter. For example, if the author’s thesis is that the police need to stop using interrogation techniques that induce false confessions, you could mention the case to illustrate how those interrogation techniques were used in the case and how they contributed to the conviction of an innocent person. You may also want to mention the reforms proposed by the author in your abstract. In this chapter, you will find a case summary and an abstract for the chapter. Use the case summary and abstract to help you write your own abstract for the chapter. You will also find an outline for the chapter and a list of key terms to help you identify and understand the key concepts in the chapter. Case Summary: The Central Park Jogger Case On April 19, 1989, Trisha Meili was raped and severely beaten in Central Park, New York. She was left lying in a pool of blood and was not discovered until the early morning hours of April 20. Meili was in a coma for twelve days and, when she awoke, she had no memory of the attack. Meili, a twenty-eight-year-old investment banker, recovered from her injuries and returned to work. The police did not have any eyewitnesses or physical evidence linking anyone to the attack on Meili. They did, however, have a description of a man seen running away from the area where Meili was found. The police began to focus their investigation on young men who were in the park that evening. They interviewed hundreds of young men who had been in the park that evening. Many of the young men were from minority groups. They were interrogated by the police, often for long periods of time, and they were pressured to confess. The police eventually identified five young men, all African American or Hispanic, as suspects. They were: Yusef Salaam, Antron McCray, Raymond Santana, Kevin Richardson, and Korey Wise. The five young men were between the ages of fourteen and sixteen at the time of the attack. They were interrogated by the police and they each gave a false confession. They were then charged with rape, sexual assault, robbery, and attempted murder. The five young men were convicted by juries in 1990. They were sentenced to terms ranging from five to fifteen years in prison. In 2002, Matias Reyes, a convicted rapist and murderer, confessed to the attack on Meili. Reyes’s DNA was found to match the DNA found at the crime scene. Reyes was serving a life sentence for other crimes and was not eligible for parole. When Reyes confessed to the attack on Meili, the convictions of the five young men were overturned. Abstract The chapter examines the causes of wrongful conviction in the United States. The chapter focuses on three causes of wrongful conviction: false confessions, eyewitness misidentification, and ineffective assistance of counsel. The chapter discusses the Central Park jogger case as an example of a case in which all three causes of wrongful conviction were present. The chapter also discusses the reasons why false confessions are obtained and the reasons why eyewitness misidentifications occur. The chapter describes three types of ineffective assistance of counsel: incompetent counsel, ineffective trial strategies, and ineffective representation during the appellate process. The chapter concludes with a discussion of proposed reforms to prevent wrongful convictions. Outline Introduction The Central Park jogger case is an example of a case in which all three causes of wrongful conviction were present. The five young men who were convicted of the attack on the jogger were African American or Hispanic. They were interrogated by the police and they each gave a false confession. They were then charged with rape, sexual assault, robbery, and attempted murder. The five young men were convicted by juries in 1990. They were sentenced to terms ranging from five to fifteen years in prison. In 2002, Matias Reyes, a convicted rapist and murderer, confessed to the attack on the jogger. Reyes’s DNA was found to match the DNA found at the crime scene. Reyes was serving a life sentence for other crimes and was not eligible for parole. When Reyes confessed to the attack on the jogger, the convictions of the five young men were overturned. The chapter examines the causes of wrongful conviction in the United States. The chapter focuses on three causes of wrongful conviction: false confessions, eyewitness misidentification, and ineffective assistance of counsel. The chapter discusses the Central Park jogger case as an example of a case in which all three causes of wrongful conviction were present. The chapter also discusses the reasons why false confessions are obtained and the reasons why eyewitness misidentifications occur. The chapter describes three types of ineffective assistance of counsel: incompetent counsel, ineffective trial strategies, and ineffective representation during the appellate process. The chapter concludes with a discussion of proposed reforms to prevent wrongful convictions. Key Terms and Concepts Eyewitness misidentification Eyewitness identification Incompetent counsel Ineffective assistance of counsel Ineffective trial strategies Interrogation tactics False confession False memory syndrome Mistaken eyewitness identification Misinformation effect Mis