How is the is/ought distinction depicted in Contact, and how does this depiction compare with earlier variations of is/ought in the history of science?

1) The history of science suggests that the relationship between science (or natural philosophy) and religion changes over time, and that this relationship is informed by other factors, such as politics, economics, exploration/colonization/discovery, human psychology, and individual human interactions that are specific to particular times and places. Compare the relationship between science and religion in Contact to that relationship in an earlier time period in the history of science. In your comparison, focus on at least one “outside” factor that informs that relationship.

2) In Brooke’s chapter on the 20th century, we read about “is versus ought.” We see is/ought in Gould’s notion that religion and science are (or should be) NOMA: that religion should restrict itself to “ought,” and science should limit itself to “is.” How is the is/ought distinction depicted in Contact, and how does this depiction compare with earlier variations of is/ought in the history of science?

3) In class, we discussed the role of the numinous in Contact. Compare the numinous in Contact to earlier understandings of the purpose of science/natural philosophy. You might think about Aristotle, Bacon, and/or Darwin.”

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