1. Theoretical background (from 800-1000 words)
The theoretical background is of particular importance on account of the research focus. The theoretical background should define and delimit the specific area of the proposed research. The theoretical background should be structured and begin with a broad base of general problems and explanations. A survey of related research literature should follow it. It should end with the problem statement. The research background should identify the research problem’s variables and discuss the variables selected for the research study. Other essential variables not included in the research study should also be briefly discussed. It should also be made clear which criteria were used for 3 selecting the variables. This part of the research proposal should be written in simple language and précised. The theoretical background links the previous theory with the research focus and problem.
A. If the research design takes a positivist approach must include the statement of the hypothesis.
The research hypothesis is presented in an affirmative rather than an interrogative form. They state what is expected to occur if various conditions are evoked or presumed. The researcher should review the related literature thoroughly before formulating hypotheses. All the terms which are used in any hypothesis should be carefully defined. The hypothesis idea should be unambiguous and testable. Since the quantum of achievement is difficult to predict at the time of the hypothesis statement, researchers prefer ‘the null hypothesis, which assumes that only a chance difference is expected between the groups. A null hypothesis merely states that there is no relationship between the variables. It is expressed in statistical terms; Xa-Xb=0.
B. Suppose the research design takes an interpretivism approach. In that case, it is recommended to declare the inconsistencies in the literature and the missing specificities in the dynamics and links in the study phenomena. It might take the form of propositions.
2. Research question and objectives (up to 200 words)
Research question: In the original work of Ibrahim (2008), she defined the research question (RQ) as an inquiry that leads towards obtaining a solution through systematic and verifiable steps conducted by a researcher. The research question indicates what the research expects to clarify and, therefore, to solve from previous knowledge about a specific topic or area of research. The type of research question defines the approach and respective methodology that the research will take.
Research sub-questions: The subRQs should lead to the intended output in research. It is suggested that at least one “thinking” or “active” research subquestion (subRQ) should be developed for each construct or concept addressed in the theoretical background.
Objectives: The objectives reflect a statement for each research question by placing the expected outcome of the research.
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