How do we know this? (i.e. what were the important experiments that gave us this information?)

The growing field of optogenetics utilizes the expression of genetically encoded proteins with specific optical properties to control or monitor the nervous system. Of particular interest are molecules that can either depolarize or hyperpolarize neurons in response to light. Provide some brief historical background on the discovery and optimization of these tools and describe how optogenetics (specifically for activating or inhibiting neuronal activity) has revolutionized neuroscience research (Dr. Ruthazer)
Papers should include the following information:
A) Why is this topic or question important?
B) What is already known about this topic?
C) How do we know this? (i.e. what were the important experiments that gave us this
information?)
D) What are the outstanding questions concerning this topic? (i.e. what do we not know?)
E) How will we go about answering these questions?

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