Instructions: Answer all the questions in sentence paragraph form. A MINIMUM OF THREE SENTENCE PER ANSWER.
Questions:
Book I
1.On pages 3 & 4 Socrates and his accomplice Glaucon confront Polemarchus, Son of Cephalus, and his friends. What is this exchange all about? What does it have to do with justice? What does Polemarchus mean when he says Well, do you see how many of us there are?? And, what does he mean when he says Well, then, either prove stronger than these men or stay here.? What is the significance of telling Socrates that if he tries to persuade them, we wont listen.?
2.Why is Cephalus so concerned with making sacrifices? What does it say about him? What does this practice have to do with the main theme of the Republic, justice?
3.Polemarchus acknowledges that what would make him happy would be to do what he wants to do. He believes on a basic level that justice(being forced to follow rules) benefits others, but harms you because it means you arent able to do what you want all the time.
What does all this say about our desires, the types of desires human beings have, and their impact or consequences for other people?
4.Discuss the definition of justice related to friends and enemies of Polemarchus? Justice is doing good to friends and harm to enemies. Do you agree or disagree with it, why or why not? (p. 8)
5.Thrasymachus says justice is the advantage of the stronger. What does he mean? (pp. 13-17)
6.Simonides the poet is quoted as saying that justice is giving to each what is owed. What does that mean? (p. 7)
7.Why are there so many definitions of justice, rather than say one that all the characters might generally agree on?
8.Since there are many definitions of justice given in Book I which one do you think is best and why?
Book II The Myth of Gyges
9.Explain the myth of the Ring of Gyges and precisely how Gyges uses the ring? (pp. 37-43)
10.If this myth is an allegory of metaphor, what is the meaning of this myth?
11.Explain why, if someone has the Ring of Gyges and they can get away with whatever they want, they should act justly?
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