What research can be done for us to understand who are audience is?

Answer the question.
One of the most important aspects of producing any kind of film, documentary, or journalistic story is knowing who your audience is. After years of producing documentaries, and teaching documentary many students I have had in classes are confused on whom their true audience is in their productions. When I watch student productions it seems the students are only entertaining themselves. So why is it important in both writing for our projects, and productions to know whom our audience is before we begin? What research can be done for us to understand who are audience is? List for me some research steps on how we can find out who is our audience on any given documentary project and how knowing our audience helps us in our writing process.

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